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<p><b>NetBIOS Frames</b> (<b>NBF</b>) is a non-<a href="Routable" class="mw-redirect" title="Routable">routable</a> <a href="Network_layer" title="Network layer">network-</a> and <a href="Transport_layer" title="Transport layer">transport</a>-level data <a href="Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">protocol</a> most commonly used as one of the layers of <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> networking in the 1990s. NBF or <a href="NetBIOS" title="NetBIOS">NetBIOS</a> over <a href="IEEE_802.2" title="IEEE 802.2">IEEE 802.2</a> <a href="Logical_Link_Control" class="mw-redirect" title="Logical Link Control">LLC</a> is used by a number of network operating systems released in the 1990s, such as <a href="LAN_Manager" title="LAN Manager">LAN Manager</a>, <a href="LAN_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="LAN Server">LAN Server</a>, <a href="Windows_3.1x" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows 3.1x">Windows for Workgroups</a>, <a href="Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a> and <a href="Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a>. Other protocols, such as NBT (<a href="NetBIOS_over_TCP/IP" title="NetBIOS over TCP/IP">NetBIOS over TCP/IP</a>), and NBX (NetBIOS-over-<a href="IPX/SPX" title="IPX/SPX">IPX/SPX</a>) also implement the NetBIOS/NetBEUI services over other protocol suites.

</p><p>The NBF protocol is broadly, but incorrectly, referred to as <i>NetBEUI</i>. This originates from the confusion with NetBIOS Extended User Interface, an <a href="NetBIOS#NetBEUI" title="NetBIOS">extension to the NetBIOS API</a> that was originally developed in conjunction with the NBF protocol; both the protocol and the <i>NetBEUI</i> <a href="Emulator" title="Emulator">emulator</a> were originally developed to allow NetBIOS programs to run over <a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>'s new <a href="Token_Ring" title="Token Ring">Token Ring</a> network.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> caused this confusion by labelling its NBF protocol implementation <i>NetBEUI</i>. NBF is a protocol and the original NetBEUI was a NetBIOS <a href="Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">application programming interface</a> extension.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div>

<p>NBF protocol uses <a href="802.2" class="mw-redirect" title="802.2">802.2</a> type 1 mode to provide the NetBIOS/NetBEUI name service and <a href="Datagram" title="Datagram">datagram</a> service, and <a href="802.2" class="mw-redirect" title="802.2">802.2</a> type 2 mode to provide the NetBIOS/NetBEUI session service (<a href="Virtual_circuit" title="Virtual circuit">virtual circuit</a>). NBF protocol makes wide use of <a href="Broadcasting_(networking)" title="Broadcasting (networking)">broadcast</a> messages, which accounts for its reputation as a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chatty" class="extiw external" title="wikt:chatty">chatty</a> interface. While the protocol consumes few network resources in a very small network, broadcasts begin to adversely impact performance and speed when the number of hosts present in a network grows.

</p><p><a href="Sytek_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Sytek Inc">Sytek</a> developed NetBIOS for <a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> for the <a href="PC-Network" class="mw-redirect" title="PC-Network">PC-Network</a> program and was used by Microsoft for MS-NET in 1985. In 1987, Microsoft and <a href="Novell" title="Novell">Novell</a> utilized it for their network operating systems LAN Manager and <a href="NetWare" title="NetWare">NetWare</a>.

</p><p>Because NBF protocol is unroutable it can only be used to communicate with devices in the same <a href="Broadcast_domain" title="Broadcast domain">broadcast domain</a>, but being bridgeable it can also be used to communicate with network segments connected to each other via <a href="Network_bridge" title="Network bridge">bridges</a>. The lack of support for routable networks means that NBF is only well-suited for small to medium-sized <a href="Computer_network" title="Computer network">networks</a>, where it has such an advantage over TCP/IP that requires little configuration. The NetBIOS/NetBEUI services must be implemented atop other protocols, such as IPX and TCP/IP (see above) in order to be of use in an internetwork.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Services">Services</h2></div>

<p>NetBIOS/NetBEUI provides three distinct services:

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<ul><li>Name service for name registration and resolution</li>

<li><a href="Datagram" title="Datagram">Datagram</a> distribution service for connectionless communication</li>

<li>Session service for connection-oriented communication</li></ul>

<p>NBF protocol implements all of these services.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Name_service">Name service</h3></div>

<p>In order to start sessions or distribute datagrams, an application must register its NetBIOS/NetBEUI name using the name service. To do so, an "Add Name Query" or "Add Group Name Query" packet is broadcast on the network. If the NetBIOS/NetBEUI name is already in use, the name service, running on the host that owns the name, broadcasts a "Node Conflict" message on the network.

</p><p>In addition, to start a session or to send a datagram to a particular host rather than to broadcast the datagram, NBF protocol has to determine the <a href="MAC_address" title="MAC address">MAC address</a> of the host with a given NetBIOS/NetBEUI name; this is done by sending a "Name Query" packet, the response to which will have the MAC address of the host sending the response, i.e. the host with that name.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Datagram_distribution_service">Datagram distribution service</h3></div>

<p>Datagram mode is "<a href="Connectionless" class="mw-redirect" title="Connectionless">connectionless</a>". A datagram is sent with a "Datagram" packet if it is being sent to a particular NetBIOS/NetBEUI name, or a "Datagram Broadcast" packet if it is being sent to all NetBIOS/NetBEUI names on the network.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Session_service">Session service</h3></div>

<p>Session mode lets two computers establish a connection for a "conversation," allows larger messages to be handled, and provides error detection and recovery.

</p><p>Sessions are established by exchanging packets. The computer establishing the session sends a "Name Query" request, specifying that a session should be initialized. The computer with which the session is to be established will respond with a "Name Recognized" response indicating either that no session can be established (either because that computer is not listening for sessions being established to that name or because no resources are available to establish a session to that name) or that a session can be established (in which case the response will include a local session number to be used in subsequent packets). The computer that is starting the session will then send a "Session Initialize" request which will prompt a "Session Confirm" response.

</p><p>Data is transmitted during an established session by data packets. IEEE 802.2 handles flow control and retransmission of data packets. Because NetBIOS/NetBEUI allows packets to be sent that are larger than the largest packet that could be transmitted on a particular <a href="MAC_layer" class="mw-redirect" title="MAC layer">MAC layer</a>, a NetBIOS/NetBEUI packet might have to be transmitted as a sequence of "Data First Middle" packets and a "Data Only Last" packet; packets that do not need to be segmented in that fashion will be sent as a single "Data Only Last" packet. An acknowledgment will be sent for all "Data Only Last" packets that are successfully received; this will also acknowledge all preceding "Data First Middle" packets.

</p><p>Sessions are closed by sending a "Session End" request.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Availability">Availability</h2></div>

<p>NBF protocol – apart from DOS, <a href="OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a> and Unix implementations – was officially supported by Microsoft on almost every version of Windows up to <a href="Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">Windows 2000</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but its use has decreased quickly since the development of <a href="NetBIOS_over_TCP/IP" title="NetBIOS over TCP/IP">NBT</a>.

</p><p>Microsoft officially dropped support starting with <a href="Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it is included on the Windows XP CD-ROM and can be installed manually.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Windows Vista does not include <i>NetBEUI</i> (means NBF) support at all, but the Windows XP <i>NetBEUI</i> support drivers can be used.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070207171212/http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/timothydevans/intro.htm">"NetBios NetBEUI NBF Networking Introduction"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/timothydevans/intro.htm">the original</a> on 2007-02-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-03</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060915105324/http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/timothydevans/encap.htm">"NetBios NetBEUI NBF Networking Encapsulation"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/timothydevans/encap.htm">the original</a> on 2006-09-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-11-24</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100220050135/https://support.microsoft.com/kb/306059">"The NetBEUI Protocol Is Not Available in Windows XP (KB306059)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/306059">the original</a> on 20 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-03-19</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307185221/http://www.mac-net.com/174984.page">"NetBeui on XP and Vista"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mac-net.com/174984.page">the original</a> on 7 March 2016.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/BK8P7001/CCONTENTS">LAN Technical Reference: 802.2 and NetBIOS APIs</a> – includes NBF protocol specifications</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jeffpar.github.io/kbarchive/kb/128/Q128233/">Comparison of Windows NT Network Protocols</a></li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-29" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=NetBIOS_Frames&oldid=1303182952">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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